Flat Glass
What are Glass Partitions / Glass Walls?
Glass systems used to divide interior spaces.
Flat Glass
What is Acid Etching?
Process of making glass surface matte using acid.
Flat Glass
What is Acid Polishing?
Polishing glass surface using acid.
Flat Glass
What is Acoustic Laminated Glass?
Special type of glass providing sound insulation.
General
What is Anisotropy?
The condition where glass exhibits different properties in different directions.
General
What is Annealing?
The controlled heating and cooling process used to remove internal stresses in glass.
Flat Glass
What is Anti Reflective Coating (Ar)?
Special coating that reduces reflection on glass.
Flat Glass
What is Argon Gas?
Inert gas used in insulating glass units.
Automotive Glass
What is AS1 / AS2 Rating?
AS1 and AS2 are safety ratings defined by U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) standards for automotive glass. AS1 glass is the highest grade, used for windshields, while AS2 is slightly lower in light transmission and typically used for side and rear windows.
Automotive Glass
What is Backlite?
Rear windshield (rear window glass) of a vehicle. It's a specialized piece of automotive glazing designed for visibility, safety, and often integrated with heating or antenna systems.
Glass Packaging
What is Baffle holder?
It is the part that connects the settle blow (thimble/blank bottom) mold to the IS machine.
Glass Packaging
What is Baffle Insert?
It is the mold that forms the bottom of the parison in the invert mold.
Glass Packaging
What is Batch Traceability?
The ability to track a product back to specific raw material batches and processes.
General
What is Batch?
The raw material mixture fed into the glass furnace.
Glass Packaging
What is BB Plunger (Plug)?
It is a mold part used to form the neck area and support the gob during the pre-forming stage.
General
What is Bending Tolerance?
The allowable deviation or curvature in a glass product.
Glass Packaging
What is Blank Mould?
The initial mould where the glass gob forms its preliminary shape.
Glass Packaging
What is Blow & Blow?
A forming process where both the parison and final shape are created by blowing.
Glass Packaging
What is Blow Head?
It is the mold inside the finisher that supplies blow air to the parison, gives the bottle its final shape, and provides finish cooling.
Glass Packaging
What is Blow Mould?
The mould where the preform is expanded with air to achieve its final shape.
Glass Packaging
What is Body?
The main middle section of a glass product (such as a bottle, jar), representing its largest and most voluminous area. It defines the primary shape of the item and typically has the greatest surface area.
Glass Packaging
What is Bottom?
The bottom part of the container that supports vertical load.
Automotive Glass
What is Breakage Pattern?
Automotive glass flush glazing is a design and manufacturing technique where the glass panels (windshield, sidelites, backlite) are mounted so that their outer surfaces sit flush with the surrounding body panels. This eliminates protruding moldings or gaskets, creating a seamless, aerodynamic, and visually clean appearance. It is widely used in modern vehicles to improve styling, performance, and efficiency.
Glass Packaging
What is Brimful Volume?
The maximum liquid volume a container can hold when filled to the brim.
Automotive Glass
What is Ceramic Frit?
Ceramic coating, usually black or white, applied to the edge areas of automotive glass for functional purposes (protecting the adhesive that secures the glass to the vehicle from sunlight) and for aesthetic reasons.
Glass Packaging
What is Closure Compatibility?
The technical compatibility between a container finish and its closure.
Flat Glass
What is Coated Glass?
Glass with special surface coating.
Glass Packaging
What is Cold-end Inspection?
The inspection stage after annealing where containers are checked for defects.
Flat Glass
What is Colour Rendering Index (Ra)?
Description of how much an object’s colour changes
when it is observed through glazing. The higher the colour rendering index is the
more natural the object’s colours appear.
Glass Packaging
What is Conveyor?
A moving belt system that transports containers along the production line.
Glass Packaging
What is Cooler?
It is the mold that provides cooling for the blow mold (master mold).
General
What is Cord?
A linear defect caused by variations in glass composition or temperature.
Automotive Glass
What is Curved Glass?
A type of glass shaped in bending furnaces by heating through one or more methods of radiation, conduction, or convection, and formed with special bending tools to fit automotive parts.
Flat Glass
What is Daylight Reflectance Outdoor Ratio (%)?
The ratio of the visible spectrum (light) that is reflected outside by glass.
Flat Glass
What is Daylight Transmittance?
The percentage of visible light transmitted through glass.
Automotive Glass
What is DOT Marking?
Department of Transportation regulations for the certification and marking of automotive glass in the United States.
Automotive Glass
What is ECE R43 (Safety Glass Regulation)?
European regulation for safety glass, setting the standards for automotive glass in terms of safety.
Glass Packaging
What is Eco-design?
Designing products to minimize environmental impact throughout their lifecycle.
Automotive Glass
What is Enamel Firing?
The process in which paint or coating applied to the glass surface is fired at specific temperatures and durations, allowing the frit within the paint to chemically bond with the glass, thereby curing the paint and achieving the desired mechanical and chemical resistance.
Automotive Glass
What is Encapsulation?
Automotive quarter glass refers to the small side window located toward the rear of a vehicle, typically behind the rear door or integrated into the C-pillar area. It is a specialized glazing component designed for visibility, styling, and sometimes ventilation.
Flat Glass
What is Façade Material?
Material used on the exterior of buildings.
Glass Packaging
What is Filling Line Compatibility?
A container’s suitability for smooth operation on filling and packaging lines.
Glass Packaging
What is Finish?
The top part of the container that interfaces with closures or sealing elements.
Flat Glass
What is Float Line?
Production line for float glass.
Automotive Glass
What is Flush Glazing?
Automotive glass optical inspection is the set of processes and technologies used to evaluate the visual quality, optical performance, and safety compliance of vehicle glazing (windshields, sidelites, backlites, sunroofs). It ensures that the glass meets strict standards for clarity, distortion, and driver visibility before being installed in vehicles.
General
What is Fracture Analysis?
A technical analysis performed to determine the cause of glass breakage.
Glass Packaging
What is Funnel?
It is the mold part that guides the gob toward the entrance of the blank mold and ensures proper centering.
General
What is FURNACE ?
The furnace is where the raw materials are melted into molten glass.
General
What is Furnace Campaign Life?
The operational lifespan of a furnace before major cold repair.
Automotive Glass
What is Ghost Image/Ghosting?
A "ghost image" on a windshield refers to a secondary, faint duplicate of a projected or external image caused by the optical properties of laminated glass. It occurs when light reflects from both the inner and outer surfaces of the windshield, creating a displaced duplicate image that can distract drivers, especially in head-up display (HUD) systems.
Flat Glass
What is Glass Annealing?
Heating process to relieve internal stresses in glass.
Flat Glass
What is Glass Balustrades?
Glass railings for safety and decoration.
Flat Glass
What is Glass Combination?
Use of different types of glass together within insulating glass units.
General
What is Glass Gob?
The precisely cut drop of molten glass fed into the mould.
General
What is Glass Melting?
The process where raw materials melt into a homogeneous glass mass.
Flat Glass
What is Glass Surface?
Outer surface of the glass.
General
What is Glass Tatigue?
The weakening of glass due to repeated mechanical loading.
General
What is Glass Viscosity?
The resistance of molten glass to flow.
Flat Glass
What is Grinding?
Process of smoothing glass edges.
Glass Packaging
What is Guide Ring?
It is the mold that forms the finish area together with the moulded back.
Flat Glass
What is Heat Treatment?
Thermal process to enhance glass strength.
Automotive Glass
What is Heating Grid?
Heating lines applied to the glass surface for de-icing purposes, produced by screen-printing silver paste onto the glass and firing it to create conductive tracks.
Glass Packaging
What is IS Machine?
A multi-section machine that forms glass containers by distributing and shaping gobs.
General
What is Lehr Curve?
The temperature-time profile used during annealing in a lehr furnace.
Glass Packaging
What is Lightweighting?
Reducing container weight while maintaining required performance.
Automotive Glass
What is Localized Heated Glass?
Glass with heating lines applied only to specific regions for targeted heating.
Flat Glass
What is Low Iron Glass?
Glass with low iron content for clearer appearance.
Flat Glass
What is Low Reflectivity?
Glass feature with low reflection rate.
General
What is Melting Pool?
The tank where molten glass is accumulated and processed.
Glass Packaging
What is Mould Life?
The total operational life or cycle count of a mould set.
Glass Packaging
What is Mould Set?
The complete set of mould components used to produce a glass packaging product.
Glass Packaging
What is Neck Ring?
It is the mold that forms the finish area together with the ring.
Glass Packaging
What is Neck?
The narrow area connecting the finish to the body of the container.
Glass Packaging
What is Nominal Volume?
The standard fill volume indicated on the product label.
Flat Glass
What is Online (Pyrolitic) Coating?
Type of coating applied directly to the hot glass surface during flat glass production.
General
What is Optical Distortion?
Visual distortion caused by uneven light refraction in glass.
Automotive Glass
What is Optical Inspection?
The frame or mounting fixture around the windshield, usually made of plastic, to hold and secure the glass.
Automotive Glass
What is Optical Waveness?
Optical waveness on a windshield refers to small-scale distortions in the transmitted image caused by non-uniform thickness, curvature, or lamination of the glass layers. It manifests as a "ripple" or "wave-like" effect when viewing objects through the windshield, particularly noticeable under certain lighting or motion conditions.
Flat Glass
What is Photovoltaic Panel ?
Panel that converts solar energy into electricity.
Glass Packaging
What is Plunger?
In the NNPB process, it is the mold that enters the parison on the invert side to assist pre-forming and finish formation.
General
What is Polariscope?
An optical device used to visualize internal stresses in glass.
Glass Packaging
What is Press & Blow?
A forming method where glass is first pressed and then blown into its shape.
Flat Glass
What is Pvb Interlayer (Polyvinyl Butyral)?
Plastic interlayer used in laminated glass.
Automotive Glass
What is Quarter Glass?
Automotive glass breakage pattern refers to the characteristic way in which different types of safety glass used in vehicles fracture under impact. This behavior is deliberately engineered to minimize injury risk, maintain visibility, and comply with international safety standards.
General
What is Redox Balance?
The balance of oxidation and reduction reactions within molten glass.
General
What is Refining Zone?
The furnace area where bubbles are removed from molten glass.
General
What is Refractory Corrosion?
The chemical and thermal deterioration of refractory materials in furnaces.
Automotive Glass
What is Reveal Molding?
Automotive glass encapsulation is a manufacturing process in which a polymer (usually polyurethane or PVC) is molded directly around the edges of a glass panel (windshield, backlite, or sidelite). This creates a finished edge that integrates sealing, mounting, and aesthetic functions into a single component. It eliminates the need for separate gaskets or trim pieces, improving both performance and design.
Flat Glass
What is Shading Coefficient?
Coefficient indicating solar shading capability.
Glass Packaging
What is Shoulder?
The sloped transition area between the neck and sidewall.
Automotive Glass
What is Sidelite?
Automotive "sidelite" refers to the side windows of a vehicle. These glazing components are engineered for safety, visibility, and comfort, and they differ from windshields (front glass) and backlites (rear glass) in both construction and regulatory requirements.
Glass Packaging
What is Sidewall?
The vertical wall section between the container’s shoulder and base.
Flat Glass
What is Silver Coating?
Application of silver to glass surface to create reflectivity.
Flat Glass
What is Solar Factor (G Value) & Solar Hear Gain Coefficient?
Solar energy transmittance rate of glass.
Flat Glass
What is Spacer?
Component that maintains gap between panes in insulating glass units.
General
What is Surface Roughness?
The microscopic texture level of the glass surface.
Flat Glass
What is Tempering Process?
Heat process to increase glass strength.
Flat Glass
What is Thermal Conductivity (U-Value)?
A measure of the rate of heat loss of a building component.
The lower U value means better heat control and more comfort in winter.
Glass Packaging
What is Thickness Distribution?
The uniformity of glass thickness around the container.
Glass Packaging
What is Thread?
The spiral geometry on the bottle/container finish that enables proper sealing by matching with the closure.
Flat Glass
What is Ultra Clear Glass?
Glass with high light transmittance and a clear appearance thanks to its low iron content.
Glass Packaging
What is Vertical Load Test?
A test that measures the container’s ability to withstand vertical compression.
Glass Packaging
What is Wall Thickness?
The measured thickness of the glass in the container sidewall.